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Philip Keeney
Philip Olin Keeney (1891–1962), and his wife, Mary Jane Keeney, were librarians who became part of the Silvermaster spy ring in the 1940s.〔Rosalee McReynolds, Louise S. Robbins: ''The Librarian Spies: Philip and Mary Jane Keeney and Cold War Espionage'', Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-275-99448-8.〕
Keeney met Mary Jane when both were working as librarians at the University of Michigan in 1929. In 1931, he became head librarian and professor of library economy at Montana State University (now known as the University of Montana) at Missoula, where he made several improvements.〔Tauber, Maurice F. & Eugene Holt Wilson. Report on a Survey of the Library of Montana State University for Montana State University, January–May 1951. Chicago: American Library Association. p. 15.〕 By the mid-1930s, both Keeney and his wife were involved with left-wing political movements. In 1937, Keeney, although tenured, was summarily terminated after questioning book censorship by a local politician and supporting a proposal to revive a local chapter of the American Federation of Teachers. Supported by the American Civil Liberties Union and the American Association of University Professors, among others, Keeney brought a wrongful dismissal suit and, in 1939, the Montana Supreme Court ruled in his favor and mandated reinstatement. But, made ill by the stress, he soon resigned.〔
==Progressive Librarians Council==
The Keeneys moved to Berkeley, California, where they became members of the Marin County CPUSA Club, according to Mary Jane's diaries. In 1939, the Keeneys founded the Progressive Librarians' Council (PLC). That year, the PLC endorsed for Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish, chairman in 1937 of the first open meeting of the Second Congress of the League of American Writers, which was “founded under Communist auspices in 1935,” according to a 1942 report by President Roosevelt's Attorney General Francis Biddle.〔During the Nazi-Soviet pact, said Biddle, the League “began openly to follow the Communist Party line as dictated by the foreign policy of the Soviet Union.” The League's sudden pacifism during the pact, and equally sudden reversion to pro-war militancy upon its breakdown, observed Biddle, left “little doubt of its Communist control.” cited in 〕 As he was not a librarian, the American Library Association (ALA) opposed MacLeish's candidacy, but when FDR made his appointment, the PLC candidate got the nod.〔In 1948, following the (death ) of (Soviet agent ) Laurence Duggan—ten days after Duggan implicated Henry Collins and Frederick Vanderbilt Field in espionage, and five days after Alger Hiss's indictment by a grand jury (Christopher D. O'Sullivan, "(8. Resignation )," ''Sumner Welles, Postwar Planning, and the Quest for a New World Order, 1937-1943'' (University Press, 2007 ) ISBN 978-0-231-14258-8)—MacLeish would dedicate a poem to Duggan, denouncing "informers" for their "slanders" and "lies." (Archibald MacLeish, "The Black Day," ''(Collected Poems, 1917-1982 )'' (Mifflin Harcourt, 1985 ) ISBN 0-395-39569-0, p. 403) His apparent targets were Hede Massing and Whittaker Chambers, each of whom had identified Duggan. (Adolf Berle’s Notes on his Meeting with Whittaker Chambers ) (John Earl Haynes, Historical Writings); 〕
The PLC also smuggled money to Emilio Andrés,〔 commissar of an army corps of the Soviet-backed Spanish Republican Army,〔 Wingeate claims that Andrés was killed during World War II, but McReynolds claims that “Following World War II, Keeney's wife Mary Jane... met (wife )... who... died shortly after this meeting. The Keeney's, along with other members of the PLC, continued to send money and clothing to Emilio...”〕 in exile in France after the Spanish Civil War. During the Hitler-Stalin pact, the PLC sent a letter to FDR urging him not to aid Poland, France or the United Kingdom, all fighting for their lives under the Nazi onslaught. (The letter had been phrased in such a way that it appeared to be from the ALA, but that group sent the President its own missive clarifying that the PLC did not speak for the ALA.) Once the pact broke down, and Germany invaded the Soviet Union, the PLC altered its position, advocating American participation in the war.〔
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